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Great post!

I wonder if another factor here is the rising personal cost of administrative work. In the past, the "great thinkers" had either servants or secretaries who took care of administrative work for them. Now that's all been pushed on the knowledge worker.

I suspect that every knowledge worker gets in at most 4 hours of knowledge work per day, and usually far less; the rest of their time is spent on email and Slack and meetings and creating slide decks for meetings. To be clear, some of that time is necessary as a function of arranging your thoughts to disseminate them to other people and to receive knowledge from others. Also, as you point out Rohit, great thinkers traditionally haven't done actual "big thinking" for more than a few hours per day. But processing 100 emails a day inevitably takes time away from deep thought.

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Yes that's a contributing factor. I also feel that the very fact of a life with 100 emails a day puts us in an entirely different capabilities mindset vs a world where that's not the case.

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Damn awesome post.

Lack of time to think isn't just an issue in science, it applies to most fields.

Having time to think and explore is a luxury few people on either extreme of the wealth spectrum can afford. We are encouraged to always be consuming or doing in some form. Giving space for original unguided thought is rare. It's something I've been giving to myself a lot more lately.

A silent drive in the car. A long run with no headphones. A walk with only ambient sounds filling my ears.

These moments have led to some of my greatest personal insights and most interesting creations.

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Just wanted to share a related post of mine:

Good people divided and an explanation of why

Here is my effort to understand why people with good hearts have reacted quite differently

https://leemuller.substack.com/p/good-people-divided-and-an-explanation

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Do you have a link for the productivity/hours graph? One area where I think it might fall down is for political campaigners or communicators. People like Malcolm X. Perhaps a lot of time in that work is similar to the machine operation? Fascinating that it holds true for science as well as writing, though.

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Hmm have to look up. And yes, this is more particular to thinky roles where the output is dependent on inspiration.

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I wonder how the equilibrium works. There are times when thinkers must be do-ers --- writing books, giving speeches, publishing papers etc. Darwin worked hard when he was drafting Origins the first time, for example, I believe. And thus vice-versa. To become Malcolm X the do-er he had to go though a big period of being a thinker. Across many lives, individuals move between thinker and do-er roles. Dickens was a prodigious worker as an editor/business man, for example.

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Very good points there!

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Fantastic post, thanks for writing!

> 90% of all scientists who have ever lived are alive today

I never thought about it like that, but sounds right. Perhaps we should be surprised if there were *no* growing pains.

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